Soil Testing

Soil Testing

A mechanically cum electrically operated device is useful to eliminate the hand compaction procedure, which also considerably saves time with the rammers provided Soil Testing Instruments for both of the standard and heavy compaction of the soil. Useful for soil compaction into 100 mm or 150 mm Dia moulds.

Two sets of rammers are provided, one of 2.6 kg weight and arranged for 310 mm fall and the other one is of 4.89 kg and arranged for 450 mm fall. For compaction in 150 mm Dia moulds, there are 100 mm Dia rammers of 2.6 kg & 4.89 kg are provided and Road Pavement Testing Instruments O TD ReTg Innes for compaction in 100 mm Dia moulds, there are 50 mm Dia rammers are provided. The rammer assembly is provided with ratchet and pawl arrangement to lift it from the Concrete Testing Instruments top of the soil layer.

When the rammer reaches the required height, the pawl releases the rammer, which Rock-Testing-Instruments falls freely on the soil surface. An arm moving up and down operates the release mechanism, which is connected to a reduction gear coupled to the motor through another arm. An automatic blow counter is fitted to the compactor is used to set number of blows. The base plate of the specimen mould can be fitted to the rotating  OUR SERVICES base plate of the instrument, which makes 1/Sth revolution per stroke.

The equipment is suitable for operation on 230 Volts, 50 cycles, single phase and A.C. supply without moulds.

soil testing
California Bearing Ratio

CBR Testing (California Bearing Ratio) is primarily undertaken to provide data for road pavement design. It is a penetration or settlement under load test which is used to evaluate the subgrade strength primarily of roads, pavements and foundations.

The CBR test often forms part of the overall site investigation and is useful for determining the thickness of materials needed for the proposed construction.

The CBR test can be carried out in soils with a maximum particle size pf 20mm. Plate Bearing tests would be recommended where particle size exceed 20mm diameter. Tests are usually undertaken at surface level or at depths of between 500- 1000m, most commonly in 20-30m intervals along the proposed construction centreline.

Free Swell Index

Free swell or differential free swell, also termed as “free swell index”, is the increase in volume of soil without any external constraint when subjected to submergence in water. A soil with high free swell index is considered “unsuitable” for use as embankment fill material and in case the sub soil is having high free swell index then suitable “ground improvement measures” may be needed before constructing embankment on such soil.

Grain Size Analysis

Grain size analysis is a typical laboratory test conducted in the soil mechanics field. The purpose of the analysis is to derive the particle size distribution of soils.

The grain size analysis test is performed to determine the percentage of each size of grain that is contained within a soil sample, and the results of the test can be used to produce the grain size distribution curve. This information is used to classify the soil and to predict its behavior. 

Atterberg limits (Liquid Limit ,Plastic Limit)

Atterberg limits are key soil properties used in geotechnical engineering. They include the liquid limit, plastic limit, and shrinkage limit. These limits determine a soil’s behavior with changing moisture content, aiding in classification and construction decision

Liquid Limit (LL) is the water content at which soil changes from a plastic to a liquid state when the soil specimen is just fluid enough for a groove to close when jarred in a specified manner.

Plastic Limit (PL) is the water content at the change from a plastic to a semi-solid state. This test involves repeatedly rolling a soil sample into a thread until it reaches a point where it crumbles.

MDD OMC

The determination of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of the soil is a measure of compaction level of soils. This can be measured by mainly two methods Standard Proctor Compaction Test and Modified Proctor Compaction Test. Both the tests help to determine the optimum moisture content that is required for soil to attain maximum compaction i.e maximum dry density for performing construction.

C.B.R. Annular Metal Weights.

As Per IS 2386 (PART I) – 1963.

As Per IS 9669 – 1980 & IS 2720 (Part XVI) – 1979.

Soil Testing Weight : 2.5 Kg; Dia : 147 mm; Central Hole : 53 mm.

Weight : 5 Kg; Dia : 147 mm; Central Hole : 53 mm.


C.B.R Cutting Collar

As Per IS 2386 (PART I) – 1963.

As Per IS 2720 (Part XVI) – 1979.

Complete duly chromium plated.

C.B.R. Displacer Block.

As Per IS 9669 – 1980 & IS 2720 (Part XVI) – 1979.

148 mm Dia x 47.7 mm high with detachable handle.

C.B.R. Metal Tripod.

As Per IS 9669 – 1980 & IS 2720 (Part XVI) – 1979.

For holding Dial Gauge during expansion test.

C.B.R. Moulds.

Made of Mild Steel. Dia : 150 mm; High: 175 mm: Complete with extension collar

of 50 mm high and perforated base plate.

Made of Gun Metal. Dia : 150 mm; High: 175 mm: Complete with extension collar

of 50 mm high and perforated base plate.

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As Per IS 9669 – 1980 & IS 2720 (Part XVI) – 1979.

C.B.R. Penetration Piston.

As Per IS 9669 – 1980 & IS 2720 (Part XVI) – 1979.

Face Dia : 50 mm; Complete with adjustable bracket.

C.B.R. Slotted Metal Weights.

As Per IS 9669 – 1980 & IS 2720 (Part XVI) – 1979.

Weight : 2.5 Kg; Dia : 147 mm; Central Slot : 53 mm.

Weight : 2.5 Kg; Dia : 147 mm; Central Slot : 53 mm.

C.B.R. Test Apparatus - Field Type.

It is useful in determining the load carrying capacity in the field, when in-place density and water contents are such that the degree of saturation is 80% or greater, when material is cohensionless and coarse grained, such that it is not effected by changes in water contents and when the material has been in-place for considerable time.

The loading is effected by means of a mechanical load frames, which can be fixed to the under side of a truck.

The set includes:

MECHANICAL SCREW JACK. 100 KN.
Capacity: 100 KN; Complete with U-brackets and Swivel Head.

C.B.R. PENETRATION PISTON.
Face Dia : 50 mm; Complete with adjustable bracket.

EXTENSION RODS SET.
Set consists of 2 lengths of 5 cm, 2 lengths of 10 cm, 1 length of 30 cm, 1 length of 50 cm and 1 length of 100 cm. Used as spacers between the proving ring and penetration piston. The lengths are machined from tubing.

CONNECTOR SET.
Has eight connectors for coupling the penetration piston and proving ring assembly either directly or thru’ extension pieces.

DIAL GAUGE SUPPORT.
Made of seamless pipe construction. It stands 30 cm high and 45 cm wide at the base. Pravided with a quick release screw type clamp capable of sliding and locking anywhere along 1 meter length of the bridge.

ANNULAR METAL WEIGHT. 5 kg x 250 mm Dia.
Weight : 5 Kg; Dia : 250 mm; Central Hole : 53 mm.

SLOTTED METAL WEIGHT. 5 Kg x 250 mm Dia.
Weight : 5 Kg; Dia : 250 mm; Central Slot : 53 mm.

SLOTTED METAL WEIGHT. 10 Kg.
Weight : 10 kg; Dia : 215 mm to 250 mm; Central Slot : 53 mm Dia slot.

C.B.R. Test Apparatus. Laboratory Type.

For finding the relative bearing ratio and expansion characteristics of soils of sub base and sub grade for the design of roads, pavements and runways.

The set includes:

C.B.R. MOULD. MILD STEEL.
Dia : 150 mm; High : 175 mm. Complete with extension collar of 50mm high and perforated base plate

RAMMERS – SOIL COMPACTION. 2.60 Kg.
Weight : 2.6 Kg; Controlled Drop : 310 mm.

RAMMERS – SOIL COMPACTION. 4.89 Kg.
Weight : 4.89 Kg; Controlled Drop : 410 mm.

PERFORATED BRASS SWELL PLATE.
Dia : 148 mm; Complete with adjustable stem and lock nut – gunmetal.

C.B.R. ANNULAR METAL WEIGHT. 2.5 kg,
Weight : 2.5 Kg; Dia : 147 mm; Central Hole : 53 mm.

C.B.R. SLOTTED METAL WEIGHT. 2.5 kg,
Weight : 2.5 Kg; Dia : 147 mm; Slot : 53 mm.

C.B.R. CUTTING COLLAR
Complete with chromium plating.

C.B.R. TEST APPARATUS. LABORATORY TYPE. ELECTRICAL.SIGNLE SPEED.
Complete with

LFM-50KNO1. LOAD FRAME – MOTORISED. SINGLE SPEED.
Motorised Cum Hand operated with Single speed of 1.25 mm / min. rate of strain. Can

be operated on 230 Volts, 50 Hz, Single Phase, AC Supply.

C.B.R. TEST APPARATUS. LABORATORY TYPE. ELECTRICAL. THREE SPEED.
Complete with

LFM-SO0KNO3. LOAD FRAME – MOTORISED. THREE SPEED. Motorised Cum Hand
operated with Three speed of 1.25, 1.5 & 2.5 mm / min. rate of strain. Can be operated on 230 Volts, 50 Hz, Single Phase, AC Supply.

C.B.R. TEST APPARATUS. LABORATORY TYPE. HAND OPERATED.
Complete with

LFH-5OKN. LOAD FRAME – HAND OPERATED. 50 KN.
Hand operated with low rates of travel of the lead screw.

Cone Penetrometer..

For determining liquid limit of soils. This is specially useful to obtain reliable and accurate results for those soils, which have low plasticity index.

The percentage moisture contain determined when cone with half angle of 15 – 30 minutes under a total sliding weight of 148 gm penetrates 25 mm gives liquid limit. Complete with container.

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As Per IS 2720

(Part – XXXI) – 1969.

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As Per IS 2720 (Part XVI) –

1979& IS 9669 – 1980.

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As Per IS 2720 (Part V) – 1965.

Consolidation Apparatus.

Consolidation test is unidimentional test considered extremely important in soil mechanics, Sample taken from adjacent areas of a single site show differential settlement even when tested using same techniques. Soil of similar strength may show varying consolidation. Samples are very carefully prepared and vertical settlement of the specimen in saturated or carefully recorded when known load is applied.

CONSOLIDATION LOADING UNIT.
Having maximum capacity of 20 kg / cm2. A loading yoke connected to a lever arm with a counter balancing adjustment and having a lever ratio of 1:10, the whole assembly being mounted on a sturdy steel frame stand.

CONSOLIDOMETER (ODEOMETER) CELL ASSEMBLY. FIXED RING TYPE.
For testing 60 mm Dia x 20 mm thick specimen comprising :

> Fixed Ring for specimens 60 mm Dia x 20 mm thick guide ring.

> Top and Bottom porous stones for 60 mm Dia specimen.

> Perforated pressure pad.

> Channeled base with water inlet and gasket.

> Flanged water jacket, water reservoir with plastic tube and pinch cock.

> Set of weights comprising 7 Nos. of 0.05 Kg/cm2, 5 Nos. of 0.1 Kg/cm2, 6 Nos. of 0.2 Kg/cm2,6 Nos. of 0.5 Kg/cm2 & 5 Nos. of 1.0 Kg/cm2 to give pressure of 10 kg/cm2 on 60 mm Dia specimen.

 

CONSOLIDATION APPARATUS. THREE CELL.
Consists of 3 consolidation test assemblies mounted on a single frame. Complete with (Part . XV) = 1965 & IS 122873 sets of Consolidometer cell assembly for 60 mm Dia specimen and three set of – 1988. weights each giving 10 kg / cm2 on each sample.

 

CONSOLIDATION APPARATUS. SIX CELL.
Consists of 6 consolidation test assemblies mounted on a single frame. Complete with 6 sets of  onsolidometer cell assembly for 60 mm Dia specimen and Six set of weights each giving 10 kg / cm2 on each sample.

Constant Pressure System - Oil Water.

This device is used to maintain cell pressure constant for a long duration and the system can be used in place of conventional constant pressure system using mercury post where certain minimum heights are required. Problems like deairation of pump, leakage of mercury etc. are eliminated in this system. This unit is smaller in volume and can be used in mobile laboratory also.

This can maintain pressure in the cell upto 20 kg / cm?. Pressure is maintained constant in the system by a balancing calibrated weighs on a spindle against a column of oil, operating under constant feed back.

CONSTANT PRESSURE SYSTEM – OIL WATER. 20 Kg / cm2.
The system consists of an oil pump continuously driven by an electric motor during the test period. The internal components are housed in a strong compact housing. The piston on which weights are kept rotates with minimum friction. A transparent oil water vessel is provided to transmit pressure to the cell. A hand pump provided to facilitate priming and to maintain constant pressure during power failure.

Range : 0-20 bar (0-20 kg/cm2).

Steps of Pressure : 0.5 bar (0.5 kg/cm2)

Accuracy : 0.5 %.

Power Required : 230 Volt, Single Phase, 50 Hz, A.C. supply.

Supplied complete with Pressure Gauge, flow valves, connecting Pressure hose and set of weights to give maximum pressure of 20 bar (20 kg/cm2).

Dial Gauge - Baker.

Consolidation test is unidimentional test considered extremely important in soil mechanics. Sample taken from adjacent areas of a single site show differential settlement even when tested using same techniques. Soil of similar strength may show varying consolidation. Samples are very carefully prepared and vertical settlement of the specimen in saturated or carefully recorded when known load is applied.

 

CONSOLIDATION LOADING UNIT.
Having maximum capacity of 20 kg / cm2. A loading yoke connected to a lever arm with a counter balancing adjustment and having a lever ratio of 1:10, the whale assembly being mounted on a sturdy steel frame stand.

CONSOLIDOMETER (ODEOMETER) CELL ASSEMBLY. FIXED RING TYPE.
For testing 60 mm Dia x 20 mm thick specimen comprising :

> Fixed Ring for specimens 60 mm Dia x 20 mm thick guide ring.

> Top and Bottom porous stones for 60 mm Dia specimen.

> Perforated pressure pad.

> Channeled base with water inlet and gasket. Make : BAKER.

> Flanged water jacket, water reservoir with plastic tube and pinch cock.

> Set of weights comprising 7 Nos. of 0.05 Kg/cm2, 5 Nos. of 0.1 Kg/cm2, 6 Nos. of 0.2 Kg/cm2,6 Nos. of 0.5 Kg/cm2 & 5 Nos. of 1.0 Kg/cm2 to give pressure of 10 kg/cm2 on 60 mm Dia specimen.

CONSOLIDATION APPARATUS. THREE CELL.
Consists of 3 consolidation test assemblies mounted on a single frame. Complete with 3 sets of Consolidometer cell assembly for 60 mm Dia specimen and three set of weights each giving 10 kg / cm2 on each sample.

CONSOLIDATION APPARATUS. SIX CELL.
Consists of 6 consolidation test assemblies mounted on a single frame. Complete with 6 sets of Consolidometer cell assembly for 60 mm Dia specimen and Six set of weights each giving 10 kg / cm2 on each sample.

Direct Shear Apparatus.

For determining the direct shear strength of soils on specimen size 60 x 60 x 25 mm. The apparatus consists as below:

SPECIMEN CUTTER.
For cutting 60 x 60 x 25 mm specimen from the larger samples.
Comprising 4 Nos. of 0.05 Kg/cm2, 1 Nos. of 0.1 Kg/cm2, 1 Nos. of 0.2 Kg/cm2, 3 Nos. of 0.5 Kg/cm2 & 1 Nos. of 1.0 Kg/cm2 to give a normal stress of 3 Kg/cm2 through lever.

DIRECT SHEAR APPARTUS – ELECTRIC. SINGLE SPEED.
Constant rate of strain of 1.25 mm/min. Suitable for 230 V. Ac supply.

DIRECT SHEAR APPARTUS – ELECTRIC. TWELVE SPEEDS.
Twelve rate of strain of 1.25, 0.625, 0.25, 0.125, 0.05, 0.025, 0.01, 0.005, 0.002, 0.001, 0.0004 and 0.0002 mm / min. Suitable for 230 V. Ac supply.

PROVING RING – COMPRESSION TYPE. 10 KN.
Having Capacity of 10 KN / 1000 Kg. / 1.00 Tone Supplied complete with our own calibration certificate.

DIAL GAUGE – CHINESE. 30 mm Travel x 0.01 mm
Range : 0-30 mm; Least Count : 0.01 mm.

SHEAR BOX HOUSING.
Accommodates the shear box assembly. Complete with two ball roller strips.

SHEAR BOX ASSEMBLY.
Comprising direct shear box in two halves for a square specimen size of 60 x 60 x25 mm one pair of plain gripper plates, one pair of perforated gripper place, one pair of porous stones, One top loading pad.

LOADING UNIT.
Supplied with load yoke with direct and lever system for applying load. Normal stress capacity 8 Kg / cm?. Load is applied either directly or through a counter balanced detachable lever. Provision is made for the load to be applied either through a steel ball recessed in the loading pad or direct through a boss on the pre calibrated loading yoke.

The loading unit is provided with a V strips for frictionless movement of shear box housing.

Field Density Kit. (Core Cutter Apparatus.)

Used for determination of in-situ dry density of natural or compacted fine-grained soil, free from aggregates. A cylindrical cutter is used to extract the sample of the soil with the help of dolly and rammer. From the weight, density and the moisture and dry density of the soil is readily calculated.

CORE CUTTER APPARATUS. 175 mm.
Apparatus comprises as below :

CC-175. CORE CUTTER. 175 mm.

Dia : 100 mm; Height : 175 mm.

DOLLY.

Dia : 100 mm; Height : 25 mm; Complete with a lip to enable it to be located on the top of the core cutter.

RAMMER – 9 Kg. (Part XXIX) – 1975.

Weight : 9 Kg (Approx); Complete with a steel rod.

CORE CUTTER APPARATUS. 130 mm.
Apparatus comprises as below :

CC-130. CORE CUTTER. 130 mm.

Dia : 100 mm; Height : 130 mm.

DOLLY.

Dia : 100 mm; Height : 25 mm; Complete with a lip to enable it to be located on the top of the core cutter.

RAMMER – 9 Kg.

Weight : 9 Kg (Approx); Complete with a steel rod

Field Density Kit. (Sand Replacement Test Apparatus.)

Used to determine dry density of fine and medium grained soils and for layers not exceeding than 150 mm thickness.

Accessories:

METAL TRAY. 375 mm
Length: 375 mm; Width : 375 mm. Depth : 50 mm; Complete with 150 mm hole in the centre.

SAND REPLACEMENT TEST APPARATUS. 200 mm.
Used to determine dry density of fine, medium and coarse grained soils and for layers exceeding than 150 mm thickness but not exceeding than 250 mm thickness.

Apparatus comprises as below:

Complete with flange and shutter.

CALIBRATING CONTAINER. 250 mm. XXVIII).
Internal Dia : 250 mm.

CALIBRATING CONTAINER. 250 mm.
Internal Dia : 250 mm.

METAL TRAY. 450 mm.
Length: 450 mm; Width : 450 mm. Depth : 50 mm; Complete with 200 mm hole in the centre.

METAL TRAY. 450 mm.
Length: 450 mm; Width : 450 mm. Depth : 50 mm; Complete with 200 mm hole in the centre.

CALIBRATING CONTAINER. 100 mm.
Internal Dia : 100 mm.

METAL TRAY. 300 mm,
Length: 300 mm; Width : 300 mm. Depth : 50 mm; Complete with 100 mm hole in the centre.

SAND POURING CYLINDER. 150 mm Dia.
Complete with flange and shutter.

CALIBRATING CONTAINER. 200 mm.
Internal Dia : 200 mm.

Grain Size Analysis Apparatus.(Anderson Pipette Test Apparatus)

As Per IS: 2720 (PART-IV) – 1985.

This is for the determination of the sub sieve particle distribution in a sail sample by mechanical analysis. An analysis of this kind expresses quantitatively the proportions by weight of various sizes of particles present in the soil. It is recommended as a standard procedure to use dispersion agent to avoid flocculation.

Consists of a sliding panel, which moves up and down by means of a screw allowing Anderson Pipette fixed to it to be raised or lowered vertically. A sedimentation tube is held by a laboratory clamp provided on the stand below the pipette. The depth of immersion is measured by a scale graduated in mm at the slide of the sliding panel. Supplied complete with Anderson glass pipette 10 ml, Sedimentation tube of 50 ml. and stand.

High Speed Stirrer.

It is used for mechanical analysis and also for other laboratory applications for stirring.

A dispersion cup is supported on a rest on the stand of the stirrer and has a removable baffle. A regulator is also provided for regulating the speed. Operating on 220 volts, single phase, AC supply.

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As Per IS 2720 (Part IV) – 193

Lateral Pressure Assembly.

It is designed for application of cell pressures up to 10 kg / cm? or 20 kg / cm? on a triaxial specimen in the triaxial cell. This unit is mostly used in routine tests, which ° last for about 10 to 15 minutes wherein the variation of cell pressure can be tolerated.

The apparatus consists of a pressure chamber which has a flanged top cap fitted with a 10 kg/cm2, Pressure gauge and a Schrader valve for pumping in air, Water inlet and drain cock are fitted to the chamber. The foot pump is also supplied which develops a pressure of 10 kg / cm? or 20 kg / cm2. Complete with connecting pressure hose.

Liquid Limit Device.

Liquid Limit is that water content at which a part of soil cut by a groove of standard dimension will flow together for a distance of 1.25 cm under air impact of 25 blows in = standard liquid limit apparatus.

Consist of a brass cup hold on adjustable bracket. The bowl can be adjusted for a fall raised and dropped on a rubber of standard hardness by cam action. Complete with ASTM Casagrande grooving tools & Gauge block. Complete with counter.

Hand operated. A handle is provided for rotation of cam shaft to raise & drop the bowl.

Provided with motor, which is geared down to give approximately 120 RPM. Can be operated on 220 V, Single Phase, AC Supply.

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As Per IS 2720 (Part – V) – 1985.

Load Truss.

The Truss is of welded 1-girder construction in two halves, which can be bolted together when required. The lower chord, the cross-pieces for holding the truss down and the vertical thrust members are all of welded box type construction with two channels enclosing and welded to an I – girder.

The anchorages are of a design tried out and perfected at CBRI, Roorkee. They consist of semi-cylindrical pieces each held down by 3 feet long steel long steel spikes driven in through holes drilled in the semi cylinder.

The spikes enter the ground at about 60 degree to the horizontal, from each side spaced along the length of the enchorage. The cross-pieces are moored to the anchorages by channel straps and bolts. Guy wires with turn-buckless are supplied to keep the truss erect.

Moisture Analyzer Balance - Digital.

Halogen heating, which is useful for removing moisture from entire area of the sample.

Memory for 99 users’ selectable procedures for analysis.
Selection from four profiles for drying.
User friendly operations with selectable temperature and time for analysis.
Built-in RS232C interface for PC or Printer. It gives detailed print out of the analysis in compliance with GLP/GMP standards. (Optional – CPRO2) LED / Large graphical LCD display with A.E.P. (Advanced Eye Protection).
Improved repeatability.
Precision of Readout mass – Img.
Precision Readout of Moisture – 0.01 %.
Temperature Range for Drying – 160° C.
Pan Size – 100 mm.
Maximum Capacity 50 gm; Complete with Bakelite Graphic LCD Display.
Maximum Capacity 200 gm; Complete with LED Display.

Moisture Balance- Infra Red.

As Per IS 2720 (Part II) – 1973.

This is very reliable and sturdy instrument for an accurate determination of moisture content of aterials, which do not undergo chemical change when exposed to Infra-Red radiations. The instrument can be used for reliable determination of moisture content of agricultural soil, food, chemical, plan construction soil and other similar material.

Consists of a 250 watts Infra-Red lamp, a sensitive torsion balance for getting percentage of moisture on weight basis from a scale and the result obtained are convertible to moisture content on dry basis, a temperature regulator. The Infra Red Radiation from the lamp is used for heating the sample. The temperature is controlled by Solid Stat Electronic Regulator with an accuracy of 0.2 % by direct reading and 0.1 % by estimation. The instrument is directly calibrated in percentage of moisture between 0 to 100 %. Complete with instruction manual.

Moisture Balance- Infra Red With Digital Timer.

The instrument can be supplied with Digital Timer alarm. This timer gives a continuous buzz after turning the Infra-Red lamp off after specified time.

Moisture Cans.

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Complete with lid. Made From Aluminium.

Moisture Meter- Rapid.

Used to determine the moisture contents of material ion powder form viz. soil, sand, coal, pottery slip, cement etc.

The unit consists of a pressure gauge with clamp for sealing cap, rubber sealing basket, pressure gauge calibrated in percentage moisture contents on the wet weight basis up to 25% / 50 %, Which is equal to 33 % moisture content on the dry weight basis. Complete with Calibration Certificate.

As Per IS 2720 (Part Ill) – 1973.

Perforated Brass Swell Plate.

Dia : 148 mm; Complete with adjustable stem and lock nut made of gunmetal.

As Per IS 9669 – 1980 & IS.

2720 (Part XVI) – 1979.

Permeability Apparatus

The apparatus is used to determine permeability of soils using a constant or variable head.

This test is recommended for soils with coefficient of permeability in the range of 10-3 to 10-7 cm / sec. The maximum particle size of the soil, which can be tested in the mould is 10 mm.

The equipment comprises the followings :

> Gun Metal Mould. 100 mm ID x 127.3 mm High x 1000 ml Volume.
> Extension collar of G. M. 100 mm Dia x 60 mm High for the above mould.
> G.M. Drainage Base Plate with a recess for a porous stone and with an outlet valve.
> Metallic Clamping Ring.
> Gun Metal Drainage Cap (Top Plate with a recess for a porous stone and fitted with an outlet valve and an air release valve).
> Porous Stone for Drainage Cap.
> Porous Stone for base plate.
> Set of three Glass Stand Pipes approximately 6, 10 and 20 mm Dia mounted on a wooden board. To read water head, 2 Nos. meter scales are fixed between the tubes.
> A3-meter long rubber tubing with a pinch cock is also provided.

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As per IS 2720

(PART XVII) – 1966.

Permeability Apparatus (Universal Or Combination Type.)

The apparatus is used to determine permeability of soils using a constant or variable head.

This test is recommended for soils with coefficient of permeability in the range of 10-3 to 10-7 cm / sec. The maximum particle size of the soil, which can be tested in the mould is 10 mm.

The equipment comprises the followings :

> Gun Metal Mould. 100 mm ID x 127.3 mm High x 1000 ml Volume.
> Extension collar of G. M. 100 mm Dia x 60 mm High for the above mould.
> G.M. Drainage Base Plate with a recess for a porous stone and with an outlet valve.
> Metallic Clamping Ring.
> G.M. Drainage Cap (Top Plate with a recess for a porous stone and fitted with an outlet valve and an air release valve).
> Porous Stone for Drainage Cap.
> Porous Stone for base plate.
> Set of a Stand with Nine Glass Pipes of approximately 6, 10, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75 mm bore. 75 mm bore tube is provided with an overflow arrangement for constant head tests. The remaining tubes are used for falling head tests.
> A 3-meter long rubber tubing with a pinch cock is also provided.

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As per IS 2720 (PART XVII) – 1966.

Plastic Limit Set.

Moisture contents at which soil has smallest plasticity is called limit. For determination purpose plastic limit is defined as the water content at which a soil will just begin to crumble when rolled into a thread of 3 mm Dia.

The Complete set comprises of followings.

>Glass Plate 20 cm x 115 cm having ground ends and one side frosted. @ Brass or S.S. rod of 3 mm Dia x 150 mm Long.
>Flexible spatula.
>Set of 6 moisture container of 50 mm x 50 mm.
> Porcelain Dish of 150 mm Dia. Cy

As per IS 2720 (Part Vil) – 1980.

Plate Bearing Test Apparatus.

As Per IS 1888 – 1963.

This is for estimating the bearing capacity of shallow foundation in situ and for the design of flexible pavement. In the test procedure a steel plate is subjected to gradually increasing load and settlements of the plates recorded.

Maximum bearing capacity is noted as that load at which the plate starts sinking rapidly.

The basic outfit consists of the followings:
> 50 Tone Hydraulic Jack with separate pumping unit with a 0-500 KN x 0.5 KN Pressure Gauge and Flexible Metal Pipe 5
> Special Ball & Socket arrangement between the jack and the bearing plate. 1 No.
> Extension Rod 12 mm Dia x 25 cm Long for taking Dial Gauge readings. 16 Nos.
> Magnetic Base with female thread on top for holding extension rod. 4 Nos.
> Top End Plate, 50 mm Dia with male thread for fitting onto the extension rods and positioning the Dial Gauge Plunger. 4 Nos.
> Column 15 cm Dia x 25 cm Long with flanges complete with four bolts and nuts. 2 Nos.
> Column 15 cm Dia x 50 cm Long with flanges complete with four bolts and nuts. 1 No.
> Datum Bar – Light Weight, Portable, 5 mtr. Span and stands approximately 30 cm High, mounted on two removable

legs. Made of 2 Parts. 1 Set.

Pore Pressure Apparatus.

This is as per the principals outlined in the book “Measurement of soil properties in triaxial tests” by A.W. Bishop and D. J. Henkel. This is used as an accessory for triaxial test apparatus. This apparatus is used for measuring pore water pressure and pore air pressure in soils. The apparatus consists of a Panel for wall mounting on which is having following fittings:


> A bourdon type, 20 cm Dia, Pressure Gauge having range 10 kg / cm? or 20 Kg / cm? is fitted.
> Glass U-tube manometer for measuring low positive pore pressures, negative pore pressures and checking zero error of pressure gauge. It is provided with a mercury trap (Mercury supplied at extra cost), Null indicator made out of clear transparent Perspex with mercury trap and cursor to indicate the mercury level.
> 50 ml Burette for measuring the volume change in the soil specimen. Pressure pump fitted with four sleeve packed valves. Operated by means of a hand wheel on the end of the piston rod which is threaded through the pump cap and gives a smooth, fine adjustment of pressure.
> Copper coil and water reservoir.

Proctor Compaction Test Apparatus - Standard.

Compaction test is used to determine the Optimum Moisture Contents (0.M.C.) and Maximum Dry Density (M.D.D.) of Soils.

Consists of the followings :
Made of Mild Steel. Dia : 100 mm; Height : 127.3 mm; Volume : 1000 cc.
Complete with base plate and collar.

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As Per IS : 10074 – 1982

& 2720 (PART-VIl) – 1980.

Proctor Compaction Test Apparatus. (Modified / Heavy.)

Compaction test is used to determine the Optimum Moisture Contents (0.M.C.) and Maximum Dry Density (M.D.D.) of Soils.

Consists of the followings :
Made of Mild Steel. Dia : 150 mm; Height : 127.3 mm; Volume : 2250 cc.
Complete with base plate and collar.

RAMMERS – SOIL COMPACTION. 4.89 Kg..
Weight : 4.89 Kg; Controlled Drop : 410 mm.

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As Per IS : 10074 – 1982

& 2720 (PART-VIII) – 1983.

Proctor Needles.

Used for quick evaluation of maximum soil density in the field. Standard Compaction curves showing moisture contents versus densities are shown in laboratory using standard compaction method and penetration of the proctor needles are correlated.

Proctor Needles are also known as Proctor Penetrometer.

PROCTOR NEEDLES – SPRING TYPE.
Consists of a needle attached to a spring loaded plunger, the stem of which is calibrated to read 0 to 40 kg in 1 kg Division. Long stem is graduated at every 12.5 mm to read depth of penetration and for use with needles of larger areas. The small penetration is also graduated in 12.5 mm division and used with needle of small areas. Needle points and each of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.5 and 6.0 cm2. and one Tommy pin is supplied with the instrument in a nice carrying wooden case

PROCTOR NEEDLES – HYDRAULIC TYPE.
This is identical to spring type Proctor Needle, except that the penetration pressure on the needle is conveyed through a hydraulic system to a hydraulic pressure gauge. This system permits a great control over rate of penetration because of better visibility of load indication. Comprises hydraulic proctor needle system complete with a pressure gauge fixed at easily readable angle reading 0 – 70 Kg x 2 kg. A set of needle points consisting one each of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.5 and 6 cm2. and one Tommy pin.
Graduation at every 12.5 mm to indicate depth of penetration are marked on longer stem for use with needles of larger areas. Smaller stem is also graduated at every 12.5 mm and is used with needles of smaller areas. Complete as above in a wooden carrying case.

Proving Ring - Compression Type. 10 Kn.

pending look in old website x-x-x-x-x-x-x

Rammers - Soil Compaction. 2.6 Kg.

As Per IS 9198 – 1979 & IS 2720 (Part XVI) – 1979.

Weight : 2.6 Kg; Controlled Drop : 310 mm.

Rammers - Soil Compaction. 4.89 Kg.

As Per IS 9198 – 1979 & IS 2720 (Part XVI) – 1979.

Weight : 2.6 Kg; Controlled Drop : 310 mm.

Relative Density Test Apparatus.

Used to determine the relative density index of cohensionless soils.

The equipment comprises the followings.

> Vibratory Table with a cushioned steel vibrating deck about 75 cm x 75 cm. It has a frequency of approximate 3600 vibrations per minute under a 115 kg load. Amplitude is variable in between 0.65 mm in steps of 0.05 to 0.25 mm, 0.25 to0.45 mm and 0.45 to 0.65 mm. Suitable for operation on 415 volts, Three Phase Supply.
> Cylindrical Metal Unit Weight Mould of 3000 mi. Capacity.
> Guide Sleeve with Clamp assembly.
> Surcharge Base Plate for Mould.
> Handle for Surcharge Base Plate.
> Surcharge Weight. The total weight together with surcharge base plate and handle is equivalent to 140 kg/cm? for mould.
> Cylindrical Metal Unit Weight Mould of 15000 mi. Capacity. As per IS 2720
> Surcharge Weight For Cylindrical mould of 15000 mi. Capacity. The total (Part XIV) – 1983.

weight together with surcharge base plate and handle is equivalent to 140 kg /cm2 for mould.
> Dial Gauge Holder And Calibration Bar 75 x 300 mm x 3 mm.

Sample Extractor Frame. Hydraulic.

It consists of a 5 Ton Capacity hand operated, hydraulic jack mounted on a suitable frame. Two plungers, one of 100 mm Dia and the other of 150 mm Dia moulds are supplied. One thrust plate for 150 mm Dia and one for 100 mm Dia specimens are also supplied. Height of Thrust plate is also adjustable.

Set of plunger adopters thrust plates for 38 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm Dia Specimen.

As Per IS 2720 (PART-XXVIII).

Sample Extractor Frame. Universal.

Comprises of a frame designed for screw jack operation, one each of the adaptor plates and plunger adaptors for 38 mm, 75 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm Dia specimens and a stand to obtain simultaneously three 38 mm Diameter samples from one 100 mm Diameter Samples. The adaptor plate, which slides along the slotted supports, can be clamped at any desired position by means of locking nuts. Besides this, the tube or mould can be held in position by raising the tube guides and held in position with locking screws. The lead screw movement can be stopped at any predetermined position by tightening the lead screw-locking collar. Plunger adaptor for 200 mm Dia samples. Adaptor plate with 200 mm Dia hole and device to extract 3 numbers of 38 mm Dia samples.

Sampling Augers - Blade (Post Hole) Type.

Used to collect disturbed soil samples at reasonable depths for laboratory test. Augers are available in two types.

Sampling Auger Outfit, Blade type (Post Hole) Auger Head with one meter long rod and ‘T’ piece handle.

As Per ASTM D 1452.

Sampling Augers - Screw Type.

Used to collect disturbed soil samples at reasonable depths for laboratory test. Augers are available in two types.

With one meter long extension Rod, ‘T’ piece handle.

As Per ASTM D 1452.

Sampling Outfit. Heavy Duty.

Undisturbed samples of soil at different depths can be collected using these sampling tubes. The kit includes all necessary implement for boring, collection and sealing with wax. The operation may carried out either using a tripod stand or without it. The equipment is supplied in a canvas carrying case.

Consists of :
> One Auger 150 mm Dia head, blade type, with one meter long extension rod and Tee piece handle.
> Five Extension Rod 1 mtr. Long x 37.5 mm Dia.
> Two Spanners to tight the rods.
> One Large Jarring Link for driving samplers 50 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm Dia.
> This can be connected to the sampler or to the extension rod.
> One Eye Hook
> One Wax Container.
> One Methylated Spirit Stove,
> One Wax ladle.
> One Nice Carrying Case to carry all above.

Sampling Outfits - 38 Mm.

Consists of :
> One Sample Extractor, screw type with a wire sample trimmer.
> One Split Mould of 38 mm Dia x 76 mm long.
> One Split Mould of 38 mm Dia x 88 mm long (in 2 Parts) can be fitted to the screw type extractor enabling soft specimen to be prepared ready for unconfined compression test. They are fitted with quick release clamps.
> One Sampling Tube of 38 mm Dia x 150 mm Long.
> One Sampling Tube of 38 mm Dia x 200 mm Long.
> Jarring Link for driving the sampling tube.
> Adapter with locking screw for fitting the sampling tube to jarring link.

Sampling Tubes - Relieved.

For collecting undisturbed samples of 38 mm Dia for Triaxial Shear Strength and Unconfined Compression Strength either straight from the field or from a sample of larger Diameter.

The wall thickness is maintained approximately 1.6 mm with an area ratio approximately 17 %. The internal diameter is relieved by about 0.5 mm (Inside clearance 2 %) beyond approximately 19 mm length from the cutting edge of the tube. This is most suitable for highly cohesion soils. Available in the following different sizes.:

Sampling Tubes - Unrelieved.

For collecting undisturbed samples of 38 mm Dia for Triaxial Shear Strength and Unconfined Compression Strength either straight from the field or from a sample of larger Diameter.

The wall thickness is maintained approximately 1.6 mm with an area ratio approximately 17 %. 38 mm internal Diameter uniform through out. This is most suitable for soils of low cohesion. Available in the following different sizes.

Sand Equivalent Apparatus.

The apparatus consists of Plastic Measuring Cylinder – 4 Nos, Weighted Foot Assembly – 1 No., Irrigator Tube – 1 No., Rubber Tubing Complete with Pinch Clip – 1 No., Syphon Assembly with 5 Ltr Polythene Bottle – 1 No and Funnel – 1 No. Complete in Wooden Carrying Case and Required Chemicals and Electrically Operated Shaker.

As per IS 2720 (Part XXXVI) – 1976.

Shrinkage Limit Apparatus.

Used to determine shrinkage limit and to calculate other shrinkage factors like ratio, shrinkage index and volumetric shrinkage.

Consists of a prong plate of acrylic sheet 1.5 mm thick and 75 mm square, Shrinkage Dish, Glass Cup, Porcelain Evaporating Dish, Steel Straight Edge, Graduated Glass Cylinder 25 ml x 0.5 ml. Without mercury.

As per IS 2720 (Part VIl) – 1980.

Soil Hydrometer.

Used for grain size analysis of soils, where more than 10 % of the material will pass through 75 micron sieve.

Manufactured from clear transparent glass having uniform clarity throughout the upper end on which density scale is engraved. The scale range is 0.995 to 1.030 density (gm/cc) at 27° C. Smallest scale is 0.0005.

As Per IS 2720 (Part IV) -1985.

Split Spoon Sampler.

As Per IS 2131 – 1963.

This is used for standard penetration test for determining penetration resistance (N valve) of soil which can be related to unconfined compressive strength.

Penetration resistance (N value) of soil is determined by giving a number of blows with a 65 kgs weight falling through a given distance af 75cm required to penetrate the assembly to a depth of 30 cm when properly seated on the ground.

The sampler is made from a steel tube split length wise & held together by a head fitted with a balll check valve & a hardened steel shoe in size cutting edge of 35mm dia. The sampler is of 35 mm Internal Dia & 50.8 mm in Outer Dia & 508 mm Iona. One adopter to connect ‘A’ tyne drill rads is also supplied.

Swell Test Apparatus.

As Per IS 2720 (Part XVI) – 1979.

It is designed to determine the swelling pressure developed by soil specimens moulded to desired densities at knows moisture contents when soaked in water.

 

The load applied to restrain the swelling is transferred to a load measuring proving ring through a perforated swell plate and a load transfer bar. The proving ring is attached to the lead screw of hand operated load frame. A soaking tank is provided for saturating the specimen and the base of the mould has channels and radial grooves with connecting holes.

 

Consists as below :

LOAD FRAME – HAND OPERATED. 50 KN.

Hand Operated. Capacity : 50 KN.

 

PROVING RING – COMPRESSION TYPE. 25 KN.

Having Capacity of 25 KN / 2500 Kg. / 2.50 Tone Supplied complete with our own calibration certificate.

 

DIAL GAUGE – CHINESE. 30 mm Travel x 0.01 mm.

Range : 0-30 mm; Least Count : 0.01 mm.

 

POROUS STONE-PAIR. 100 mm.

Dia : 100 mm; Thick : 12.7 mm.

 

PERFORATED BRASS SWELL PLATE.

Dia : 100 mm; Thickness : 100 mm. Complete with adjustable stem and lock nut – gunmetal.

 

SPACER.

Dia : 100 mm; High : 12.7 mm. Complete with detachable handle.

 

LOAD TRANSFER BAR & BALL.

One Load Transfer Bar and one steel ball.

 

SOAKING TANK. 250 mm.

Dia :250 mm; Height : 210 mm.

 

SWELL TEST APPARATUS WITH MILD STEEL MOULD.

Complete with SWELL TEST MOULD. M.S. 1000cc. having 100 mm Dia & 127.3 mm Height.

 

SWELL TEST APPARATUS WITH GUNMETAL MOULD.

Complete with SWELL TEST MOULD. G.M. 1000cc. having 100 mm Dia & 127.3 mm Height.

Triaxial Cell - Stationery Bushing.

As Per IS 2720 (Part XII) – 1981.

It is a transparent Perspex chamber with anvil and loading plunger. The cell can be opened easily by releasing four nuts of the tie rods. It is leak proof up to 10 kg / cm? fluid pressure.

 

An oil plug, which can also be used as an air vent is provided for introducing a thin layer of oil over water. This provides effective sealing at the plunger for long duration tests. The cell is fitted with four sleeve packed valves of no volume change type on the base. These valves are used for cell pressure, pore water pressure, drainage or backpressure. The loading plunger has a dial gauge rests.

 

Used for 38 mm Dia Specimen. Comprises with:
> Loading pad made of Perspex for 38 mm Dia specimens.
> Pair of plain discs made of Perspex 38 mm Dia x 6 mm thick.
> Pair of porous stones 38 mm Dia x 6 mm thick.
> Split sand former for 38 mm Dia specimen.
> Sheath stretcher for 38 mm Dia specimen.
> One dozen rubber sheaths for 38 mm Dia samples.
> Four Synthetic rubber ‘O’ rings for 38 mm Dia specimen
> One plastic drainage tube.

Triaxial Cell - Universal Stationery Bushing.

As Per IS 2720 (Part XII) – 1981.

It is a transparent Perspex chamber with anvil and loading plunger. The cell can be opened easily by releasing four nuts of the tie rods. It is leak proof up to 10 kg / cm? fluid pressure.

 

An oil plug, which can also be used as an air vent is provided for introducing a thin layer of oll over water. This provides effective sealing at the plunger for long duration tests. The cell is fitted with four sleeve packed valves of no volume change type on the base. These valves are used for cell pressure, pore water pressure, drainage or backpressure. The loading plunger has a dial gauge rests.

 

Used for 38, 50, 75 and 100 mm Dia Specimens. Comprises with:
> Brass Pedestal for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Specimens.
> Perspex Loading pad for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Specimen.
> Pair of plain discs for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Di
> Pair of porous stone one each for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Samples.
> Split sand former for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Specimens.
> Sheath stretcher for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Specimens.
> One dozen sheaths for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Specimens.
> Four Synthetic Rubber ‘O’ Rings for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia specimen.
> Set of four slotted ring spacers for sand formers and four pairs of polythene drainage tubes.

Triaxial Shear Test Apparatus-Stationery Bushing.

As Per IS 2720 (Part XII) – 1981.

For determining the triaxial shear strength of soil specimens of 38 mm Dia Specimen. The length to diameter ratio of sample is 1:2.

 

TRIAXIAL CELL. STATIONERY BUSHING.

Complete with all the accessories like Loading pad made of Perspex for 38 mm Dia specimens, Pair of plain discs macie of Perspex 38 mm Dia x 6 mm thick. Pair of porous stones 38 mm Dia x 6 mm thick, Split sand former for 38 mm Dia specimen, Sheath stretcher for 38 mm Dia Specimen, One dozen rubber sheaths for 38 mm Dia samples, Four Synthetic rubber ‘O’ rings for 38 mm Dia specimen and One plastic drainage tube.

 

LOAD FRAME. 50 KN. EIGHT SPEEDS. MOTORISED.

Having eight speeds of 1.25, 0.625, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.05 & 0.025 mm/min. Electrically Operated on 230 volts, 50 Hz, , Single Phase, AC supply.

 

CONSTANT PRESSURE SYSTEM – OIL WATER. 20 Kg / cm2.

Capacity 20 kg / cm2. Supplied complete with Pressure Gauge, flow valves, connecting Pressure hose and set of weights to give maximum pressure of 20 bar (20 kg/cm).

 

LOAD FRAME. 50KN. THIRTY SPEEDS. MOTORISED.

Having thirty speed From 6.00 mm / min to 0.00048 mm / min. Electrically Operated on 230 volts, 50 Hz, , Single Phase, AC supply.

Triaxial Shear Test Apparatus-Universal Stationery Bushing.

As Per IS 2720 (Part XII) – 1981.

For determining the triaxial shear strength of soil specimens of 38, 50, 75 and 100 mm Dia Specimen.

 

TRIAXIAL CELL. UNIVERSAL STATIONERY BUSHING.

For 38, 50, 75 and 100 mm Dia Specimens. Complete with Brass Pedestal for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Specimens, Perspex Loading pad for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Specimen, Pair of plain discs for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia, Pair of porous stone one each for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Samples, Split sand former for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Specimens, Sheath stretcher for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Specimens, One dozen sheaths for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia Specimens, Four Synthetic Rubber ‘O’ Rings for 38 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm and 100 mm Dia specimen and Set of four slotted ring spacers for sand formers and four pairs of polythene drainage tubes.

 

LOAD FRAME. 50 KN. EIGHT SPEEDS. MOTORISED.

Having eight speeds of 1.25, 0.625, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.05 & 0.025 mm/min. Electrically Operated on 230 volts, 50 Hz, , Single Phase, AC supply.

 

CONSTANT PRESSURE SYSTEM – OIL WATER. 20 Kg / cm2.

Capacity 20 kg / cm. Supplied complete with Pressure Gauge, flow valves, connecting Pressure hose and set of weights to give maximum pressure of 20 bar (20 kg/cm2).

 

LOAD FRAME. 5OKN. THIRTY SPEEDS. MOTORISED.

Having thirty speed From 6.00 mm / min to 0.00048 mm / min. Electrically Operated on 230 volts, 50 Hz, , Single Phase, AC supply.

Unconfined Compression Tester. Proving Ring Type.

As Per IS 2720 (Part X) – 1991.

To determine the unconfined compression strength of 38 to 100 mm Dia soil specimen. The shearing strength of the soil is generally taken to be one half of the unconfined compression strength.

 

Comprises is of either Hand Operated or Motorised Load Frame having capacity of 50 KN to apply load. Complete with one Adaptor for Proving Ring and Conical seats and male-female conning tools for 38 mm Dia samples. Supplied without Proving Ring and Dial Gauge.

 

UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TESTER – HAND OPERATED.

Complete with LOAD FRAME-HAND OPERATED. (LFH-050K).

 

UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TESTER – MOTORISED. SINGLE SPEED.

Complete with LOAD FRAME. MOTORISED. BENCH TYPE. 50 KN. SINGLE SPEED. (LFMB-50K01) of 1.25 mm / min.

 

UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TESTER – MOTORISED. THREE SPEED.

Complete with LOAD FRAME. MOTORISED. BENCH TYPE. 50 KN. THREE SPEEDS. (LFMB-5OKO3) of 1.25, 1.5 and 2.5 mm / min.

Universal Cone Penetrometer Automatic.

As Per IS 2386 (PART I) – 1963.

As Per IS 2720 (Part V) – 1985 & IS 11196 – 1985.

 

It is used to determine the liquid limit of soil.

 

It consists of a accurately machined aluminum base with in set sprit level. Adjustable feet are provided in the base for leveling. The unit is supplied with built in timer to control the duration of penetration which is preset to 05 seconds. The instrument is provided with lead screw gear arrangement, leveling screws, sprit level . The instruments is supplied with arrangement for adjusting the height of cone as per the specimen. The instruments consists of Penetration Test Cone of Stainless Steel 35mm long with an angle of 30° and Penetration Test Cup having diameter of 55mm and 40 mm depth. Complete with Timer Box.

Volume Change Gauge.

When conducting triaxial tests on soil samples, it is observed that due to internal pressure, the cell expands, soil specimen consolidates resulting in the change of volume. Volume Change Gauge is therefore developed to accurately measure volume changes. This is measured by observing the quantity of water entering or leaving the cell as the cell pressure and axial load are changed it is achieved by the displacement of free surface between the water supplied to the cell and another fluid (paraffin or kerosene). A dye is sided to the paraffin for clear demarcation of the interface.

The unit consists of a glass-graduated tube of the appropriate capacity graduated to parts of a ml. enclosed in a Perspex tube sealed by two end caps. The unit is fitted with manifolds and valves which enable it to be used with the triaxial cell and the constant Pressure (Mercury controls) system.

The cell pressure can either be directly applied to the cell from the constant pressure system or through the volume change gauge. The graduated glass tube is not subjected to reduce the error in meniscus.

There is an arrangement for filling the unit with water and paraffin and a drainage valve is provided in the lower end cap. The whole assembly is mounted on a panel suitable for wall mounting. The unit is supplied complete with a pressure hose with end couplings and a packet of dye.

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